Anoche se celebró Bonfire Night en toda Gran Bretaña. Durante el día, los niños, tras hacer una efigie con telas viejas y cartones representando a Guy Fawkes, se pasearon por las calles pidiendo "Un penique para Guy". Esos mismos "muñecos" acabaron por la noche quemados en las hogueras que se encendieron.
¿Por qué?
(Last night Bonfire Night was celebrated all over Britain. During the day, children, after making an effigy with old cloth and cardboard to represent Guy Fawkes had been roaming the streets calling "A penny for the Guy." Those effigies were burned in the bonfires that were lit up at night.
Why?)
La costumbre se basa en un hecho que sucedió el 5 de Noviembre de 1605, cuando Guy Fawkes trató fallidamente de hacer volar el Parlamento en Londres.
(The custom is based on an event that happened on November 5th, 1605, when Guy Fawkes tried unsuccessfully to blow up the Houses of Parliament in London.)
Después de que la Reina Isabel I muriera en 1603, los católicos ingleses que habían sido perseguidos bajo su reinado esperaban que su sucesor, Jacobo I, fuera más tolerante con su religión. Después de todo la madre del Rey (María I de Escocia, María Estuardo) era católica. Pero Jacobo I no resultó ser más tolerante que Isabel y un grupo de 13 jóvenes decidió conspirar para hacer estallar el Parlamento para matar al Rey, incluso al príncipe heredero, el Príncipe de Gales y a los miembros del Parlamento que les estaban haciendo la vida difícil: los católicos tenían que practicar su religión en secreto. Había incluso multas para los que no asistían a la iglesia protestante los domingos o los días de precepto.
(After Queen Elizabeth I died in 1603, English Catholics who had been persecuted under her rule had hoped that her successor, James I, would be more tolerant of their religion. James I had, after all, had a Catholic mother, Mary I, Queen of Scotland, Mary Stuart). But James did not turn out to be more tolerant than Elizabeth and a number of 13 young men decided to plot to blow up the Houses of Parliament to kill the King, even the Prince of Wales, and the members of Parliament who were making life difficult for the Catholics: Catholics had to practise their religion in secret. There were even fines for people who didn't attend the Protestant church on Sunday or on holy days.)
Para llevar a cabo su plan, los conspiradores compraron una casa al lado del edificio del Parlamento. Se hicieron con 36 barriles de pólvora y los almacenaron en el sótano de la casa que llegaba hasta debajo de la Cámara de los Lores.
(To carry out their plan, the plotters bought a house next door to the parliament building. They got hold of 36 barrels of gunpowder - and stored them in the cellar which went just under the House of Lords.)
Pero conforme el grupo daba forma a la conspiración, algunos conspiradores empezaron a tener dudas: estaba claro que iban a morir inocentes e incluso gente que luchaba para que los católicos tuvieran más derechos. Uno de los conspiradores envío una carta anónima advirtiendo a su amigo, Lord Monteagle, que se mantuviera alejado del Parlamento el día 5 de noviembre. La carta llegó a manos del Rey.
(But as the group worked on the plot, some of the plotters started having second thoughts as it became clear that innocent people would be killed in the attack, including some people who even fought for more rights for Catholics. One of the group members even sent an anonymous letter warning his friend, Lord Monteagle, to stay away from the Parliament on November 5th. The warning letter reached the King.)
Guy Fawkes estaba en el sótano del parlamento con los 36 barriles de pólvora cuando las autoridades entraron a primeras horas del día 5 de noviembre. Fue apresado, torturado y ejecutado.
(Guy Fawkes was in the cellar of the parliament with the 36 barrels of gunpowder when the authorities stormed it in the early hours of November 5th. He was caught, tortured and executed.)
¿Por qué?
(Last night Bonfire Night was celebrated all over Britain. During the day, children, after making an effigy with old cloth and cardboard to represent Guy Fawkes had been roaming the streets calling "A penny for the Guy." Those effigies were burned in the bonfires that were lit up at night.
Why?)
La costumbre se basa en un hecho que sucedió el 5 de Noviembre de 1605, cuando Guy Fawkes trató fallidamente de hacer volar el Parlamento en Londres.
(The custom is based on an event that happened on November 5th, 1605, when Guy Fawkes tried unsuccessfully to blow up the Houses of Parliament in London.)
Después de que la Reina Isabel I muriera en 1603, los católicos ingleses que habían sido perseguidos bajo su reinado esperaban que su sucesor, Jacobo I, fuera más tolerante con su religión. Después de todo la madre del Rey (María I de Escocia, María Estuardo) era católica. Pero Jacobo I no resultó ser más tolerante que Isabel y un grupo de 13 jóvenes decidió conspirar para hacer estallar el Parlamento para matar al Rey, incluso al príncipe heredero, el Príncipe de Gales y a los miembros del Parlamento que les estaban haciendo la vida difícil: los católicos tenían que practicar su religión en secreto. Había incluso multas para los que no asistían a la iglesia protestante los domingos o los días de precepto.
(After Queen Elizabeth I died in 1603, English Catholics who had been persecuted under her rule had hoped that her successor, James I, would be more tolerant of their religion. James I had, after all, had a Catholic mother, Mary I, Queen of Scotland, Mary Stuart). But James did not turn out to be more tolerant than Elizabeth and a number of 13 young men decided to plot to blow up the Houses of Parliament to kill the King, even the Prince of Wales, and the members of Parliament who were making life difficult for the Catholics: Catholics had to practise their religion in secret. There were even fines for people who didn't attend the Protestant church on Sunday or on holy days.)
Para llevar a cabo su plan, los conspiradores compraron una casa al lado del edificio del Parlamento. Se hicieron con 36 barriles de pólvora y los almacenaron en el sótano de la casa que llegaba hasta debajo de la Cámara de los Lores.
(To carry out their plan, the plotters bought a house next door to the parliament building. They got hold of 36 barrels of gunpowder - and stored them in the cellar which went just under the House of Lords.)
Pero conforme el grupo daba forma a la conspiración, algunos conspiradores empezaron a tener dudas: estaba claro que iban a morir inocentes e incluso gente que luchaba para que los católicos tuvieran más derechos. Uno de los conspiradores envío una carta anónima advirtiendo a su amigo, Lord Monteagle, que se mantuviera alejado del Parlamento el día 5 de noviembre. La carta llegó a manos del Rey.
(But as the group worked on the plot, some of the plotters started having second thoughts as it became clear that innocent people would be killed in the attack, including some people who even fought for more rights for Catholics. One of the group members even sent an anonymous letter warning his friend, Lord Monteagle, to stay away from the Parliament on November 5th. The warning letter reached the King.)
Guy Fawkes estaba en el sótano del parlamento con los 36 barriles de pólvora cuando las autoridades entraron a primeras horas del día 5 de noviembre. Fue apresado, torturado y ejecutado.
(Guy Fawkes was in the cellar of the parliament with the 36 barrels of gunpowder when the authorities stormed it in the early hours of November 5th. He was caught, tortured and executed.)
Yeomen of the Guard line up as part of a ceremonial search (fuente)
Esta Conspiración de la pólvora como se ha llamado causó una honda impresión en el pueblo. De hecho, incluso hoy día, el monarca sólo entra en el Parlamento una vez al año, en una ceremonia llamada "Ceremonia de apertura del Parlamento". Antes de la ceremonia, y según la costumbre, los guardias Yeomen registran los sótanos del Palacio de Westminster. Hoy día, cada año, la Reina, sigue la costumbre.
(The Gunpowder Plot made a very profound impression on the people of England. In fact, even today, the reigning monarch only enters the Parliament once a year, on what is called "the State Opening of Parliament". Prior to the Opening, and according to custom, the Yeomen of the Guard search the cellars of the Palace of Westminster. Nowadays, the Queen and Parliament still observe this tradition.)
(The Gunpowder Plot made a very profound impression on the people of England. In fact, even today, the reigning monarch only enters the Parliament once a year, on what is called "the State Opening of Parliament". Prior to the Opening, and according to custom, the Yeomen of the Guard search the cellars of the Palace of Westminster. Nowadays, the Queen and Parliament still observe this tradition.)
Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip enter the royal gallery through the north door (fuente)
Esa misma noche en que la Conspiración de la pólvora fue frustrada, el día 5 de noviembre de 1605, se encendieron hogueras para celebrarlo. Desde entonces la noche del 5 de noviembre se conoce como la "Noche de las hogueras". El acontecimiento también se conmemora con fuegos artificiales y la quema de efigies de Guy Fawkes.
(On the very night that the Gunpowder Plot was foiled, on November 5th, 1605, bonfires were set alight to celebrate it. Since then, November 5th has become known as Bonfire Night. The event is commemorated every year with fireworks and burning effigies of Guy Fawkes.)
Aunque el principal lugar de celebración es York, ya que Guy era originario de esta ciudad, en la realidad se organizan hogueras en muchísimas localidades en toda Gran Bretaña y se ha convertido en un gran evento para el disfrute de todos los que participan.
(Although the main place to celebrate this event is York, as Guy was a native of this city, actually, bonfires are held in many locations throughout Britain and has become a big event for the enjoyment of anyone who takes part.)
(On the very night that the Gunpowder Plot was foiled, on November 5th, 1605, bonfires were set alight to celebrate it. Since then, November 5th has become known as Bonfire Night. The event is commemorated every year with fireworks and burning effigies of Guy Fawkes.)
Aunque el principal lugar de celebración es York, ya que Guy era originario de esta ciudad, en la realidad se organizan hogueras en muchísimas localidades en toda Gran Bretaña y se ha convertido en un gran evento para el disfrute de todos los que participan.
(Although the main place to celebrate this event is York, as Guy was a native of this city, actually, bonfires are held in many locations throughout Britain and has become a big event for the enjoyment of anyone who takes part.)
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